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For Students
For Teachers
Books
Films
Organizations / Agencies
Child Labor Curricula from other sources:
Student Readings
Elementary School
A Day's Work, by Eve Bunting, illustrated by Ronald Himler. The story of a Mexican-American boy who helps find work for his grandfather, newly arrived from Mexico. Ages 4-8. Clarion Books. ISBN 0-395-84518-1. $6.95
Amelia’s Road, by Linda Jacobs Altman. Amelia hates roads. Roads take her to fields where her family labors, to schools where no one knows her name, and to unfamiliar cabins where she must live. Still, Amelia finds a way to create a home for herself. Ages 3-10. Lee & Low Books. ISBN 1-880-00027x. Available in Spanish. $6.95 paper, $16.95 cloth.
The Bakery Lady/La Senora de la Panaderia, by Pat Mora. In this story about how families help each other and how they help the youngest members grow into confident and productive adults, a girl becomes a full fledged ‘bakery lady” in her grandparents’ bakery. Bilingual. Pinata Books, $14.95. 1 800 452-8382
Calling the Doves/El Canto de Las Palomas, by Juan Felipe Herrera, ill. Elly Simmons. A prominent Mexican-American poet recalls his childhood as a migrant farm worker, painting a picture of his loving family life on the road, with his mother reciting poetry and his father calling the doves. Ages 4-8. Children’s Book Press, SF, 1995 ISBN 0-892-39166-9. $7.95. Bilingual.
The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child, by Francisco Jimenez, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1997. (upper elem. and up)
Click, Clack, Moo: Cows That Type, by Doreen Cronin, ill. Betsy Lewin. 30 pp, 2000, paper, Simon and Schuster Books, NY, 2000. Early elementary. The farmer refuses to negotiate with the cows, who are cold at night and want blankets. $15.95 picture book
Curious George Takes a Job, by H.A. Rey. Early elementary, but also useful in showing how jobs have changed over the past fifty years to older students. ISBN 0590758071. 47 pages, 1947, Houghton-Mifflin Company. $5.95.
Fire!: The Beginnings of the Labor Movement, by Barbara Diamond Goldin. A fictionalized account of the Triangle Shirtwaist fire which can be read and understood easily by third graders. $4.95. ISBN 0-140-34685-6. Puffin Books.
First Day in Grapes, by L. King Perez, ill. Robert Casilla. A migrant worker’s son changes schools depending on the harvest. He is going to grape school now and hopes to stay long enough to go to raisin school so that he can enter the math contest. Through these often difficult situations, he learns to carry himself with dignity and grace. Lee & Low, NY 2002 $16.95. 1800 452-8382.
Giggle, Giggle, Quack, by Doreen Cronin, Pictures by Betsy Lewin. Farmer Brown is going on vacation and asks his brother of take care of the animals. “But keep an eye on Duck,” he says. “He’s trouble.” Simon & Schuster. Ages 4 and up
Harvest, by George Ancona. A book of pictures and words about the many kinds of harvests migrant farm workers experience: the commercial harvest of fruits and vegetable; the human harvest of pain, disease, and exhaustion; the struggle for decent working conditions, and the hope of harvest for a better life for the children. 2001. Marshall Cavendish. $15.95. 1800 452-8382.
Harvesting Hope: The Story of Cesar Chavez, by Kathleen Krull. ill. Yuyi Morales, Harcourt, Inc. San Diego, 2003. (upper elem. and up) Picture book.
I, Tomato, by Bill Morgan. A booklet chronicling the life of a tomato—from the point of view of the tomato with an emphasis on its interactions with workers who nurture it from inception to your table. Gives children a sense of the work that goes into food production and distribution. 28 pages. For fourth graders. $3, in English/Spanish. California Federation of Teachers, One Kaiser Plaza, Suite 1440, Oakland CA 94612. (510) 832-8812. http://www.cft.org/about/comm/labor.
Ida B. Wells: Mother of the Civil Rights Movement, By Dennis Brindell. $18. Available at http://unionshop.aflcio.org.
La Causa: The Migrant Farmworkers' Story, by Dana Catharine de Ruiz and Richard Larion. This book can be read to kids, or older ones might read it themselves. $7.20. 1993, Raintree Steck-Vaughn Publishers.
Lyddie, by Katherine Paterson, the author of Bridge to Terabithia, tells the story of a child laborer in the fabric mills in Massachusetts in the 1800s. The book goes into great detail about working conditions in factories of the time, and the living conditions of the workers, without being preachy. ISBN 0-140-37389-6. $6.99. 192 pages, Puffin.
A Migrant Family, by Larry Dane Brimner. Sympathetic account of an immigrant family by a teacher. Available in library binding only. Lerner Publications Company. ISBN 0-822-52554-2. $10.50.
Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel, by Lee Burton. Mike Mulligan remains faithful to his steam shovel, Mary Anne, against the threat of newer technology. Houghton Mifflin Company. Also available in Spanish. ISBN 0-395-25939-8. $5.95.
Mommies at Work, by Eve Merriam, illustrated by Eugenie Fernandes. A small child's introduction to the types of work mommies can do. Kindergarten/first grade. ISBN 0-689-00999-9. 32 pages, paperback, Simon and Schuster. $5.20.
No Star Nights, by Anna Egan Smucker. A young girl growing up in a steeltown, set in the 1950's. Alfred A. Knopf Publishing. ISBN 0-395-39033-8. Paper. 32 pages, $7.99
Our Community at Work Coloring Book, by Marilyn Anderson. $1.20. Available at http://unionshop.aflcio.org.
!Si, Se Puede! Yes, We Can!, by Diana Cohn, $15.95, Available at http://unionshop.aflcio.org.
The Sneetches, by Dr. Seuss. Don't let them divide you, is the message of this young children's classic. Other Seuss books, like The Lorax, can also be useful in conveying labor-related topics simply to younger students. $14.95.
Swimmy by Leo Lionni. The story of a black fish, the lone survivor of an attack on a group of red fish, who saves his new companions. Alfred A. Knop Publishing, 1963. ISBN 0-394-82620-5, 32 pages, $2.98 paper.
Trouble in the Hen House: A Puppet Show, by Phyllis Chiu, CFT Labor in the Schools Committee, a flexible elementary curriculum based on a play/puppet show. The play is about hens organizing against a mean farmer. It can be read as a story to K-1 students; grades 2-3 children can stage the puppet show; and for grades 4-5, it can be used in a ‘readers theater’ format or students can stage the play for a younger group. In each case, students make the puppets themselves and learn about the potential for power in collective action. 20 pages. $3. California Federation of Teachers, One Kaiser Plaza, Suite 1440, Oakland CA 94612, (510) 832-8812. http://www.cft.org/about/comm/labor/
Voices From the Fields: Children of Migrant Farmworkers Tell Their Stories, by S. Beth Atkin (Little Brown 1993). Photos and first person accounts from farmworkers' children, ages 9-13. $13.99. ISBN 0-316-05633-2.
Working Cotton, by Sherley Anne Williams. Beautifully illustrated (by Carole Byard), this story is based in the memories of an African American woman of her childhood in the cotton fields of California's central valley. ISBN 0-152-99624-9. $7.00. 32 pages, 1992, Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch, San Diego.
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Middle School
Esperanza Rising, by Pan Munox Ryan. 2000. In this novel, Esperanza and her mother are forced to leave their life of wealth and privilege in Mexico to go work in the labor camps of Southern California, where they must adapt to the harsh circumstances facing Mexican farm workers on the eve of the Great Depression. Scholastic Press. $5.99 Available in Spanish.
Missing From Haymarket Square, by Harriette Gillem Robinet. A superb novella tracing daily life for immigrant and African American workers in industrial Chicago, seen through the eyes of their pre-adolescent children. Atheneum Books for Young Readers, Simon and Schuster, 2001, New York, 100 pages, illus. $16.
Strike! The Bitter Struggle of American Workers from Colonial Times to the Present, by Penny Colman, Millbrook Press, 1995, Brookfield, CT, 90 pages, illus. $4.75 used.
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High School Level
And the Earth Did Not Devour Him, by Tomas Rivera. A novel about one Mexican-American family’s life as migrant workers during the 1950s, as seen through the eyes of a young boy struggling to come of age in adverse circumstances. Arte Publico, 1987. $15. Bilingual
Barrio Boy, by Ernesto Galaraza, University of Notre Dame Press, 1971. $3.85
Bread—And Roses: The Struggle of American Labor, 1865-1915, by Milton Meltzer. Secondary, 232 pages, 1967, paper. Alfred A. Knopf, $8.50
California Worker's Rights, by Kirsten Snow Spalding, Third Edition, 2001. A basic overview of the legal protections for workers under California and federal law, written in understandable language, designed for use by workers and those who represent them. An excellent text book for high school or college courses. Center for Labor Research and Education, UC Berkeley. http:// laborcenter.berkeley.edu. Click on Publications. (510) 642-0323. $15
California Women Union Leaders, by Marjorie Stern , published by AFT Women's Rights Committee. Single copy is free. Contact CFT, One Kaiser Plaza, Suite 1440, Oakland, CA 94612, (510) 832-8812
Gathering the Sun, by Alma Flor Ada. 1997. Using the template of a poem for each letter of the Spanish alphabet, readers are taken into the fields and orchards where people work and into the lives of the people who work them. Stunning sun-drenched paintings illustrate each poem. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard. $6.99 Bilingual.
Labor's Untold Story, by Richard O. Boyer & Herbert M. Morais. 1955. The adventure story of the battles, betrayals and victories of American working men and women. Extensively researched, yet highly readable, history of the U.S. labor movement from the Civil War through the Eisenhower Administration. Also available in Spanish. To order call United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America. (412) 471-8919. $5.40
Rosie the Riveter: Women Working on the Home Front in World War II, by Penny Colman, Crown Publishers, Inc., 1995, New York, 120 pages, illus. $10.99
This Land Was Made For You And Me: The Life and Songs of Woody Guthrie, by Elizabeth Partridge. Biography of Woody Guthrie. Penguin Putnam Books for Young Readers.
Voices for Justice: Asian Pacific American Organizers and the New Labor Movement, by Kent Wong and Ruth Milkman. 2001, 112 pages. UCLA Center for Labor Research and Education, Box 951478, L.A., CA 90095-1478. (310) 794-5981. Five immigrant worker organizers and their stories in their own words. $10.
With These Hands, by Daniel Rothenberg. 2000. Through the personal stories of migrant farm workers, readers get a very real picture of how farming is practiced and who is most affected by these practices. University of California. $8.95.
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Teacher Readings
Journals and Newsletters
America at Work, the official national AFL-CIO monthly, surveys the labor scene with short articles and longer features. Subscribe 1 800-442-5645 or visit http://www.aflcio.org at the online store.
In These Times, includes good labor coverage from a sympathetic point of view. http://www.inthesetimes.com. $24.95/year.
Labor History, written for the more scholarly-inclined teacher are available from your local university library or http://www.oah.org, 812 855-9851. Subscription price is based on income.
Labor Notes, is a monthly newsletter on the current labor movement scene. $20/year, available from Labor Notes, 7435 Michigan Avenue, Detroit, MI 48210. http://www.labornotes.org. $24/year.
Labor Studies Journal, United Association of Labor Education, http://www.uale.org. $120/year.
Labor’s Heritage, a well-written and beautifully illustrated quarterly, featuring labor history articles. Available for $24 for 4 issues, from Labor's Heritage, George Meany Memorial Archives, 10,000 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903. 301 431-5451. http://www.georgemeany.org.
The Nation, magazine with good labor coverage. http://www.thenation.com. $18/year.
On the Move, put out by the UC Berkeley Center for Labor Research and Education (510) 642-0323 and the UCLA Center for Labor Research and Education publishes Labor Education News (see section IX).
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BOOKS
The Lexicon of Labor, by Emmet Murray and Thomas Murray Geoghegan. In its own category as a desk reference. New Press, NY, 1998. $10.50 used.
General Labor History
Brecher, Jeremy, Strike!, South End Press, Boston, 1997
Brecher, Jeremy, History From Below: How to Uncover and Tell the Story of Your Community, Association, or Union, Commonwork, 1995, Box 151, West Cornwall, CT 06796
Bollen, Peter, Great Labor Quotations Sourcebook and Reader, Red Eye Press, Los Angeles, 2000
Brody, David, Workers in Industrial America, 1980
Filippelli, Ronald, Labor in the USA: A History, 1984
Green, James, The World of the Worker: Labor in 20th Century America, 1980
Gutman, Herbert, et al, Who Built America? Working People and the Nation's Economy, Politics, Culture and Society, (two volumes), 1992, Pantheon Press
Murolo, Priscilla and Chitty, A. B., From the Folks Who Brought You the Weekend: A Short, Illustrated History of Labor in the United State
Murphy, Majorie, Blackboard Unions: The AFT and the NEA, 1900-1980, 1990
Zieger, Robert, American Workers, American Unions, 1985
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California
Cornford, Dan, ed., Working People of California, University of California Press, 1995
Johnson, Mark Dean, At Work: The Art of California Labor, CHS Press and Heyday Books, 2003
McWilliams, Carey, California: The Great Exception, 1949
Selvin, David, A Place in the Sun: A History of California Labor, 1981
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Women
Baxandall, Roslyn, et.al., America’s Working Women: A Documentary History, 1976
Brownlee and Brownlee, eds., Women in the American Economy: A Documentary History, 1675-1929
Cobble, Sue, ed., Women and Unions: Forging a Partnership, 1993
Doro, Sue, Blue Collar Good-bye, Bottom Dog Press 1992, 73 pages, illus.
Kessler-Harris, Alice, Women Have Always Worked, 1983, 193 pages.
Martin, Molly, Hard Hatted Women: Stories of Struggle and Success in Trades, 1988, 265 pages, illus.
Milkman, Ruth, Ed., Women, Work and Protest: A Century of U.S. Women's Labor History
Parton, Mary, Ed., The Autobiography of Mother Jones
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Multicultural Texts
Adams, Maurianne and Bell, Lee Anne, Griffin, Pat. Editors, Teaching For Diversity and Social Justice. A Sourcebook, 1997
DuBois, Ellen, and Ruiz, Viki, Unequal Sisters: A Multicultural Reader in U.S. Women's History,1990
Okihiro, Gary Y., Ethnic Studies: Selected Course Outlines and Reading Lists from American Colleges and Universities, 1989
Takaki, Ronald, A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America, 1993
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African-American Workers
Foner, Phillip, Organized Labor and the Black Worker, 1982
Harris, William, The Harder We Run: Black Workers Since the Civil War
Honey, Michael K., Southern Labor and Black Civil Rights: Organizing Memphis Workers, 1993, University of Illinois Press
Jones, Jacquelyn, Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work and the Family from Slavery to the Present, 1985
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Asian-American and Pacific Island Workers
Amerasia Journal (various issues)
Chan, Sucheng, Asian-Americans: An Intepretive History, 1991
Ichioka, Yuji, The Issei, 1992
Saxton, Alexander, The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California, 1971
Scharlin, Craig, and Villanueva, Lilia, Philip Vera Cruz: A Personal History of Filipino Immigrants and the Farmworkers Movement, 1992
Takaki, Ronald, Strangers from a Different Shore, 1991
Yoneda, Karl, Ganbatte: Sixty-Year Struggle of a Kibei Worker, 1983
Yung, Judy, Chinese Women of America: a Pictorial History, University of Washington Press, for the Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco 1986, 128
pages, illus.
Yung, Judy, Unbound Feet: a Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco, Berkeley, University of California Press 1996, 396 pages, illus.
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Globalization
“Globalization in Our Front Yard. A new 24-page booklet from the Campaign for Labor Rights and the Alliance for Global Justice that makes the links between the global economy and the struggles faced by people in the U.S. Available for $1.45 plus $.55 for postage from Campaign for Labor Rights. 202 544-9355. http://www.campaignforlaborrights.org. Click on Resources.
No Sweat – The Comic. In 2001, in Puebla, central Mexico, hundreds of sweatshop workers took on the local police, judges, bosses and big corporations in a fight for dignity at work and an independent union. They won. $4.25. http://www.labourstart.org/docs/en/000018.html.
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Latino Workers
Callis, Stephen, et. al., The Big Sweep (La Gran Limpieza), 64 pages, fotonovela, 1993,
California Classics Books, P.O. Box 29756, Los Angeles, CA 90029. $9.95 including postage
Callis, Stephen, et. al., Murder in My Suite: Bienvenidos al Hotel California, 64 pages, fotonovela, 1998, John Brown Books
Cletus, Daniel, Bitter Harvest: A History of California Farmworkers, 1870-1941, 1981
Gomez-Quinones, Juan, Mexican-American Labor, 1790-1990, 462 pages, 1995, UC Press
Ruiz, Vicki, Cannery Women, Cannery Lives: Mexican Women, Unionization, and the California Food Processing Industry, 1930-1950, 1987, University
of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 194 pages
Also see the Chicana/o Studies Book and Materials Catalog, from Arroyo Books, specialists in bilingual and Spanish language books and materials, at 125 S. Avenue 57, Los Angeles, CA 90042-4701, for a number of books with Latino labor-related content at various grade levels as well as for adults.
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Gay and Lesbian Workers
Lavender Labor Newsletter, 716 Douglass Street, San Francisco, CA 94114
Pride at Work, AFL-CIO. http://www.prideatwork.org.
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Labor Fiction
This is a short list from a little-explored, rich vein of literature. Teachers should take note that language and subject matter need screening before assigning to students. Also, many of these authors besides LeSueur and Swados have written short stories, which may prove a more useful starting point in your classroom than novels.
Arnow, Harriette, The Dollmaker, 1954
Bell, Thomas, Out of This Furnace, 1941
DeMarco, Gordon, Frisco Blues, 1985
DiDonato, Pietro, Christ in Concrete, 1938
Farrell, James T., Studs Lonigan trilogy, 1932-35
Gold, Michael, Jews Without Money, 1930
Himes, Chester, If He Hollers Let Him Go, 1945
Himes, Chester, Lonely Crusade, 1947
LeSueur, Meridel, Salute to Spring, 1940 (short stories)
London, Jack, The Valley of the Moon, 1913
Morales, Alejandro, The Brick People, 1988
Obenzinger, Hilton, Cannibal Eliot and the Lost Histories of San Francisco, 1993
Olson, Tillie, Tell Me a Riddle, 1961
Rivera, Thomas, The Harvest, 1989, bilingual short stories.
Roth, Henry, Call It Sleep, 1934
Saxton, Alexander, Bright Web in the Darkness, 1958
Sinclair, Upton, The Flivver King: A Story of Ford-America, 1937
Sinclair, Upton, The Jungle, 1906
Steinbeck, John, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939
Steinberck John, In Dubious Battle, 1935
Swados, Harvey, On the Line, 1957 (short stories)
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FILMS
American Dream (1990) Directed by Barbara Kopple. About the long, painful strike at the Hormel meatpacking plant in Austin, Minn., speaks directly to the era of downsizing, and the waning power and focus of labor unions.
Bread and Roses (2000) Set inside a fictional SEIU Justice for Janitors campaign in Los Angeles, Bread and Roses tells a moving story about Mexican immigrants seeking a better life in the United States who are exploited as cheap labor, “invisible” office cleaners. Director: Ken Loach. 110 minutes.
Grapes of Wrath (1940) Directed by John Ford. The migration of the Joad family to California from their dust-bowl farm in Oklahoma during the Great Depression. 100 min.
Harlan County USA (1976) Directed by Barbara Kopple. An Academy Award winner, it chronicles the heroic fight of 190 coal mining families for dignity and fairness in Harlan County, Kentucky.
Hoffa (1992) A mostly anti-union drama about the rise of Teamsters president Jimmy Hoffa, played by Jack Nicholson, with Danny DeVito directing.
The Killing Floor (1985) This story tells of events that led to the Chicago race riots of 1919. A young black sharecropper leaves the South during World War I and becomes a laborer in the Chicago stockyards and attempts to form an interracial industrial union in the face of growing conflict. 118 min.
Matewan (1987) A drama about the violent coal miners’ strike in 1920 West Virginia, directed by John Sayles.
Molly Maguires (1970) A brilliant drama of Irish immigrant coal miners in 1876 Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, directed by Martin Ritt, starring Sean Connery and Richard Harris.
Norma Rae (1979) A drama based on the real-life story of textile union activist Crystal Lee Sutton in her fight against the J.P. Stevens Co. in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, directed by Martin Ritt and starring Sally Field.
On the Waterfront (1954) A drama about the investigation by the New York Crime Commission of dock worker union corruption in New York in the 1940s.
The Pajama Game (1957) Directed by George Abbott and Stanley Donen. Labor and management at the Sleeptite Pajama Factory aren’t getting much sleep lately: a proposed 7 1/2 cent hourly wage increase is the reason—and a job action just may be the result. 102 min.
Salt of the Earth (1954) Directed by Herbert J. Biberman. Produced by blacklisted Hollywood talent during the Cold War. A moving depiction of the year-long struggle by Mexican-American zinc miners in New Mexico. When an injunction is issued against the workers, the wives take up the battle with a fury, leaving the husbands to care for home and children. 94 min. www.pioneer-ent.com. $24.98.
Strike (Stachka) (1924) Directed by Sergei Eisenstein. Strike is a celebration of the unrealized 1905 Bolshevik revolution. The story is set in motion by a series of outrages and humiliations perpetrated on the workers of a metalworks plant. 80 min., silent.
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Organizations/Agencies
Government Agencies
Federal Agencies
California State Agencies
Labor Centers
more resources...
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